CPR: The Ultimate Life-Saving Technique for Emergency Situations

Explain CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)

CPR, or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, is a lifesaving technique used in emergency situations when a person's heart has stopped beating or their breathing has stopped. CPR is performed by trained individuals,

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation is the last task performed by the medical team, doctors, or first aid provider at the incident site. For some reason when the heart and lungs do not work, in that situation, CPR only the way to revive the heart and lungs. 

who deliver a combination of chest compressions and rescue breaths in an effort to maintain the person's blood circulation and oxygen supply until professional medical help arrives. It is an act of delivering artificial breaths and compressing to the victim’s chest, so the heart can pump blood to the rest of the body and lungs working again. CPR helps to keep a person alive when it stops working his heart and lungs,  it is called cardiac arrest.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the method by which it is used to reorient the heart and lungs. So it delivers oxygen to the brain and other vital organs. It does not guarantee that the person will survive, but it gives the person an opportunity to live. 

During CPR, the rescuer will place their hands on the center of the person's chest and press down firmly and quickly to create compressions that help to circulate blood throughout the body. Rescue breaths, which involve giving mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose breathing, help to supply the person's body with oxygen.

CPR can help to restart the heart and restore breathing in a person who has experienced cardiac arrest or other life-threatening events, increasing their chances of survival. It is important to remember that CPR should only be performed by trained individuals and that it is crucial to call for professional medical help as soon as possible in an emergency situation.

when should we give cpr

CPR should be administered when a person is unresponsive, not breathing, or does not have a pulse. This can occur  in emergency situations, including cardiac arrest, drowning, choking, severe allergic reactions, or drug overdoses.

If you come across someone who is unresponsive and not breathing, you should first call for emergency medical services (EMS)  then start CPR immediately. The better chances of survival and recovery.

It's important to note that CPR should only be administered to individuals who are unresponsive and not breathing or do not have a pulse. If the person is conscious and breathing, they do not require CPR and other first aid measures should be taken as necessary.

No sign of life stopped breathing, coughing, and moving do CPR. once you have determined there are no sign of life remember CAB's

1. Circulation -the first step is to ensure adequate blood circulation to the body from the heart by giving chest Compression.
2. Airway - the second step is to open the airway by the head - tilt- chin- lift maneuver.
3. Breathing - check the breathing and give artificial breaths if necessary.

The basic life supports (B.L.S) step :

D - Dangers,

R - Response,

S - Send for help,

A - Open Airway,

B - Normal Breathing,

C - Start CPR,

D - Attach defibrillator (AED).

How to give CPR?

Before giving CPR, it is necessary to confirm whether the victim is conscious or not. Is she breathing? or not.

To find out, tap the victim's shoulder and ask aloud that you are fine. If no reply is received, then decide on further accountability. For this, he spoke to someone nearby, call the ambulance.

Start the CPR proceedings by opening the victim's shirt. First of all

Locate the point on the breastbone between the nipples. This is the point where the chest is narrowed (this point is approximately between the two nipples).

Place the heel of one hand at this place (compression point), place the other hand on top of the first hand, then join the fingers of both hands, making sure that the shoulder is located above the breast and the hands are straight.

After this, give 30 chest compresses at the rate of 100 compressions/minute. (The chest should compress at least 2 inches on each push). Keep in mind, 30 compressions should be complete in 18 seconds.

When 30 compressions are complete in 18 seconds, open the airway by raising the victim's head slightly - tilt-chin-maneuver.

Tilt the head back with one hand and raise the chin up with the other hand. Raise the chin up, use two fingers to pull out the bulge of the chin. If you see anything in the mouth and can get it out, remove it. Then give two artificial breaths to the victim. While breathing, keep the head tilted backward and thereby raise the chin upwards. While giving ventilators, place a thin handkerchief or a clean cloth on the victim's mouth, and pinch the nose.

This procedure is to be repeated after two artificial breaths. That is 30 compressions and two breaths in 18 seconds. 

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to children.

Before giving CPR to children from 1 year to 8, it is important to know whether the victim is conscious or not. If the victim is not breathing and there are no signs of being alive. The first thing to do is to call for an ambulance.

Then remove the child's shirt immediately, so that his chest is visible. After that start the process of giving CPR.

The first is to press the chest between the two nipples (approximately between the ribs).

Before giving CPR to children from 1 year to 8, it is important to know whether the victim is conscious or not. If the victim is not breathing and there are no signs of being alive. The first thing to do is to call for an ambulance.

Then remove the child's shirt immediately, so that his chest is visible. After that start the process of giving CPR.

The first is to press the chest between the two nipples (approximately between the ribs).

place the heel of one hand onto the compression point on the breastbone. place the other hand on top of the first hand. interlace the fingers of both hands. give 30 chest compression at the rate of 100 compression/minute. the chest compress at least 2 inches on the push. and 30 compressions at 18 seconds. than gave 2 breaths ( open the airways, if you see anything in the mouth remove it. if the child breathes then place in the recovery position.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to the infant.

The first is to check the consciousness of the infants. This requires a pat on the baby's feet. If no response is received, call the ambulance. CPR is to be given immediately thereafter. For this, your index and middle fingers with one hand at the compression point between the baby's nipples. And with the other hand is to raise Baby's forehead.

Then 30 chest compressions from the index and middle fingers are given the rate of 100 compression/minute and 2 inches to push.

The Baby's forehead has to be lowered and the chin is to be raised, then 2 artificial breathing is to be done.

Chest compressions technique

Chest compressions are a crucial component of CPR and can help to circulate blood throughout the body in an emergency situation. Remember to keep your arms straight and your shoulders directly over your hands, and try to avoid leaning on the person's chest or allowing it to bounce back too quickly. It is important to maintain a consistent rhythm and depth of compressions

• To perform chest compressions, follow these steps:
• Place the person on a flat surface, such as the floor, and kneel down beside them.
• Locate the center of the person's chest, just below the nipples.
• Place the heel of one hand on the center of the person's chest, with the other hand on top of the first.
• Press down on the chest with both hands, using your upper body weight to compress the chest about two inches.
• Release the pressure and allow the chest to return to its normal position.
• Repeat this cycle of compressions and releases at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.

Explain Rescue breaths

Rescue breaths or artificial respiration or mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, are a vital part of CPR that help to supply the person's body with oxygen. To perform rescue breaths.

 

follow these steps:

• Tilt the person's head back gently with one hand, and lift their chin with the other hand to open their airway.
• Pinch the person's nose shut with two fingers of the hand on their forehead.
• Take a deep breath, seal your lips around their mouth, and blow steadily into their mouth for about one second, until you see their chest rise.
• Remove your mouth and allow the person's chest to fall.
• Repeat this cycle of breaths and pauses, giving a total of two breaths.
• If the person's chest does not rise when you blow into their mouth, re-tilt their head and try again. 

Describe AED (Automated External Defibrillator)

An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable electronic device used to treat sudden cardiac arrest, a condition in which the heart suddenly stops beating effectively. The AED delivers an electric shock to the heart, which can help restore its normal rhythm and function.

AEDs are designed to be used by non-medical personnel, such as trained first responders or laypeople, and are often found in public places like airports, schools, and shopping malls. The AED is equipped with sensors that analyze the heart's rhythm and determine whether a shock is needed. If a shock is necessary, the AED will guide the user through the process of delivering it through adhesive electrode pads that are placed on the person's chest.

Using an AED is a simple process that involves following the device's voice prompts and visual instructions. It is important to note that the AED should only be used on a person who is unconscious, not breathing, and does not have a pulse, and that it should be used in combination with CPR for the best chance of survival

Cardiac arrest

Cardiac arrest is a life-threatening medical emergency in which the heart suddenly stops beating effectively. This condition can cause a lack of blood flow to the brain and other vital organs, which can cause irreversible damage and even death if not treated promptly.

During cardiac arrest, a person may suddenly collapse, lose consciousness, and stop breathing normally. In some cases, a person may also experience chest pain, dizziness or nausea before falling. Cardiac arrest can happen for a number of reasons, including heart disease, electrical abnormalities in the heart, or trauma to the chest.

resuscitation

Resuscitation term used to describe the process of reviving someone who is unconscious, not breathing or has no pulse. This process usually includes cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), rescue breaths, and the use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) to restore the person's heart rhythm. The goal of resuscitation is to provide the person with the necessary assistance to maintain blood flow and oxygenation to vital organs until professional medical help arrives. CPR involves a combination of chest compressions and rescue breaths to circulate blood and oxygen throughout the body. Rescue breaths help supply oxygen to the person's body, while the use of an AED can help restore their heart rhythm. Resuscitation is usually performed by trained first responders or laypeople who are trained in CPR and AED use. It is important to note that prompt and effective resuscitation can greatly increase a person's chances of survival and prevent long-term brain damage or other complications.

how to clear airway obstruction

The airway is the pathway that allows air to enter and exit the lungs. It includes the nose, mouth, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. The airway is a critical component of the respiratory system, which is responsible for bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide. Maintaining a clear airway is essential for normal breathing and optimal oxygenation. If the airway becomes blocked or obstructed, breathing can become difficult or impossible, which can quickly lead to a medical emergency. Common causes of airway obstruction include choking, allergic reactions, foreign objects in the airway, and trauma to the chest or throat. In emergency situations, it is important to quickly assess and clear the airway to ensure adequate oxygenation and prevent further complications. This can be done through techniques like the head tilt-chin lift maneuver or the jaw thrust maneuver, which are used to open the airway and allow for proper breathing. In some cases, specialized equipment like suction devices may be used to remove foreign objects or secretions from the airway. Treatment options may include lifestyle changes, medications, or specialized equipment like continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines to help keep the airway open and improve breathing.

For more information; read American Heart Association