Analgesic medicine reduces pain sensation. Provides relief from all types of pain.
- Headaches,
- Back pain,
- Muscle pain,
- Stomach pain,
- Pain due to any injury,
- Pain due to burning, etc.
There are 2 types of analgesic drugs.
- Narcotics analgesic or Opioid analgesic drugs, and
- Non-narcotic analgesics.
Narcotic analgesics
The drugs that reduce pain with loss of consciousness and produce sleep are called narcotics medicine. Narcotic analgesics drugs are also called opioid analgesic drugs.
The narcotic analgesic drugs affect the central nervous system and provide effective relief in all muscular pains.
Example of narcotic drugs
- Morphine
- Codeine
- Heroin
- Pethidine
- Methadone.
Classification of narcotic analgesics
- Natural opium alkaloids, such as morphine, codeine.
- Synthetic derivatives such as heroin
- Synthetic morphine substitutes, such as pethidine, methadone.
Narcotic analgesic drugs list
- Dextropropoxyphene
- Pentazocine
- Buprenorphine
- morphine Sulphate
- Tramadol Hydrochloride
- Pethidine Hydrochloride
- Butorphanol.
- Tramadol Hydrochloride
- Pethidine Hydrochloride
- Butorphanol.
Non-narcotic analgesics
Medicines that reduce pain without affecting consciousness are called non-narcotic analgesics.
Example of non-narcotic analgesics
- Aspirin
- Paracetamol
- Phenylbutazone
- Diclofenac
- Ibuprofen
- Piroxicam
- Aceclofenac.
Non-opioid Analgesic
Non-narcotic analgesic medicine is used to reduce or eliminate pain without loss of consciousness. Meaning, there is no sleep or fainting with the use of these drugs.
Classification of non-narcotic analgesics
- Salicylates and their derivatives, aspirin, sodium salicylate
- P-aminophenol derivatives, Paracetamol, phenacetin
- Pyrazolone derivatives, phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone
- Indole-acetic acid derivatives, indomethacin, sulindac
- Phenylacetic acid derivatives, Diclofenac
- Propionic acid derivatives, Ibuprofen, ketoprofen, fenoprofen
- Fenamates, mefenamic acid, fluphenazine acid
- Oxicams, piroxicam.
- Phenylacetic acid derivatives, Diclofenac
- Propionic acid derivatives, Ibuprofen, ketoprofen, fenoprofen
- Fenamates, mefenamic acid, fluphenazine acid
- Oxicams, piroxicam.
Antipyretic drugs
The medicines that are used in normalizing the body temperature are called antipyretic.
Antipyretics drugs are used to keep the normal body temperature when our body temperature rises due to any reason. Normal body temperature is 98. 6 degrees Fahrenheit.
The drugs which lower elevated body temperature to normal is called antipyretics.
example - paracetamol.
Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
NSAIDs are also used to reduce inflammation in the body besides reducing pain.
The drugs which are used to reduce inflammation are called anti-inflammatory agents.
Examples
- Aspirin
- Ibuprofen
- Phenylbutazone
- Indomethacin
- Diclofenac, etc.
Uses of anti-inflammatory drug NSAIDs
- Headache
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Rheumatism
- Toothache
- Migraine pain
- Arthritis
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Antigout.
List of the non-opioid analgesic drug
Aspirin
Uses - mild to moderate pain, fever, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Doses - child - 80 - 100 mg/kg daily in 5 or 6 divided doses in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Adult - 325 - 650 mg repeated every 4-6 hr in mild to moderate pain & fever.
Adult - 2.4 - 3.6 g /day in divided doses in musculoskeletal & joint disorder.
Dosage - 600 - 900 mg daily in 2-3 divided doses.
Side effects - Drowsiness, dizziness, diarrhea, dyspepsia, headache.
Doses - child - 80 - 100 mg/kg daily in 5 or 6 divided doses in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Adult - 325 - 650 mg repeated every 4-6 hr in mild to moderate pain & fever.
Adult - 2.4 - 3.6 g /day in divided doses in musculoskeletal & joint disorder.
Leflunomide
Ibuprofen, naproxen, Ketoprofen, Fenoprofen, flurbiprofen:
It is propionic acid derivatives.
Uses - analgesic, antipyretic, dysmenorrhoea disorders, soft tissue injuries, gout.
Dosage - Ibuprofen - 200- 600 mg thrice daily divided the dose.
Uses - analgesic, antipyretic, dysmenorrhoea disorders, soft tissue injuries, gout.
Dosage - Ibuprofen - 200- 600 mg thrice daily divided the dose.
- Naproxen - 250 mg twice daily divided the dose.
- Ketoprofen - 50 mg twice daily divided the dose.
- Fenoprofen - 300-600 mg thrice daily divided the dose.
- Flurbiprofen - 150- 200 mg daily in divided doses.
Dexibuprofen
Uses - pain and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal, joint, and soft tissue
Dosage - 600 - 900 mg daily in 2-3 divided doses.
Side effects - Drowsiness, dizziness, diarrhea, dyspepsia, headache.
Oxyphenbutazone
Uses - rheumatic disorder.
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity, pregnancy, child patients who develop asthma, lactation
Side effects - heartburn, nausea, anorexia, rashes, edema.
Another combination of piroxicam
Dosage - 7.5 to 15 mg once daily
Contraindications - hypersensitivity
Other combinations of meloxicam:
Doses - 100 - 150 mg daily in 2-3 divided dose
Side effects - epigastric pain, nausea, diarrhea, tiredness, insomnia, skin rash, itching, retention of fluid
Another combination of diclofenac sodium
Doses - 50 mg 3 times daily.
Another combination of diclofenac potassium
Dosage - 100- 200 mg 2-3 time daily.
Metamizole : (dipyrone) analgin
Uses - pain, fever.
Dosages - .5 - 1.5 gm in 2-3 divided dose.
Side effects - red coloration of urine, agranulocytosis.
Dosages - .5 - 1.5 gm in 2-3 divided dose.
Side effects - red coloration of urine, agranulocytosis.
Propyphenazone
Uses - pain, fever.
Dosage - 150 - 300 mg 3 times daily a day.
Indomethacin:
Uses - rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, gout.
Dosage - 25 - 50 mg 2-4 times daily.
Side effects - gastric irritation, nausea, anorexia, diarrhea, mental confusion, hallucination.
Auranofin
Uses - rheumatoid arthritis
Dosage - 6 mg daily in 2 divided doses
Side effects - diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, rashes, taste disturbance, nephrotic syndrome
Phenacetin and paracetamol
Uses - pain, fever
Dosage - .5 - 1 gm up to 4 gm daily in divided dose
Side effects - nausea, rashes.
Dosage - .5 - 1 gm up to 4 gm daily in divided dose
Side effects - nausea, rashes.
Nefopam
Uses - pain, dental, cancer, musculoskeletal traumatic pain
Dosage - 30 -90 mg 3 times a day
Side effects - dry mouth, dizziness, nausea, blurred vision, insomnia, headache, tachycardia.
Carbamazepine
Uses - Trigeminal neuralgia
Dosage - 100 - 200 mg once or twice daily
Side effects - fatal hepatitis, aplastic anemia, rash, blurred vision. Ankle swelling, Stevens-Johnson's syndrome.
Oxcarbazepine
Uses - partial seizure, in adults or children with epilepsy
Dosage - 300 mg twice a day
Side effects - nausea, vomiting, dizziness, abdominal pain, abnormal vision.
Ketorolac Tromethamine
Uses - short term management of post-operative pain
Dosage - injection - initially 30-60 mg by i. m than 10-30 mg every 4-6 hrs. max 150 mg for 1 day
Side effects - gastric ulceration & bleeding, edema, nausea, dyspepsia, headache, sweating.
Side effects - gastric ulceration & bleeding, edema, nausea, dyspepsia, headache, sweating.
Mefenamic Acid and flu fenamic Acid
Uses - analgesic in muscle, joint, and soft tissue pain, arthritis
Dosage - 250- 500 mg 3 a day
Side effects - diarrhea, epigastric distress, skin rashes, dizziness.
Piroxicam
Uses - rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, gout
Dosage - 20 mg daily as a single dose
Dosage - 20 mg daily as a single dose
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity, pregnancy, child patients who develop asthma, lactation
Side effects - heartburn, nausea, anorexia, rashes, edema.
Another combination of piroxicam
- Piroxicam-⻏-cyclodextrin
Tenoxicam
Uses - Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, gout
Dosage - 20 mg daily
Contraindications - peptic ulcer, G I bleeding, gastritis, hypersensitivity
Dosage - 20 mg daily
Contraindications - peptic ulcer, G I bleeding, gastritis, hypersensitivity
Meloxicam
Uses - Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis
Dosage - 7.5 to 15 mg once daily
Contraindications - hypersensitivity
Other combinations of meloxicam:
- Meloxicam with paracetamol
Lornoxicam
Uses - pain relief
Dosages - 8- 16 mg daily, max 24 mg daily
Side effects - nausea, hematologic disorders, abdominal pain, dizziness, diarrhea, tinnitus, insomnia, pancreatitis.
Dosages - 8- 16 mg daily, max 24 mg daily
Side effects - nausea, hematologic disorders, abdominal pain, dizziness, diarrhea, tinnitus, insomnia, pancreatitis.
Nabumetone
Uses - osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, soft tissue rheumatism
Dosage - 1-2 g daily single dose at bedtime
Side effects - abnormal vision, stomatitis, headache, leukopenia, dizziness, rash, abdominal pain, weight loss
Combination of nabumetone
- Nabumetone with paracetamol
Diclofenac sodium
Uses - Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, low back pain, ankylosing spondylitis, gout, sprain, a painful inflammatory condition in gynecology, peri arthritis, tendonitis, painful post-operative condition
Doses - 100 - 150 mg daily in 2-3 divided dose
Side effects - epigastric pain, nausea, diarrhea, tiredness, insomnia, skin rash, itching, retention of fluid
Another combination of diclofenac sodium
- Diclofenac sodium with paracetamol
- Diclofenac sodium with serratiopeptidase.
Diclofenac Potassium
it is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic & antipyretic drug. It is ideally suited for patients on a sodium-free diet, hypertensive patients to treat a painful inflammatory condition of patients on diuretic therapy.Uses - muscular & skeletal pain, spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis & osteoarthritis, painful inflammatory condition gynecology
Doses - 50 mg 3 times daily.
Another combination of diclofenac potassium
- Diclofenac Potassium with Paracetamol
- Diclofenac potassium with serratiopeptidase
- Diclofenac potassium with serratiopeptidase
Aceclofenac
It is a phenylacetic acid derivative showing effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.
dose - Adult 100 mg bid (two times a day)
Other combination aceclofenac:
Other combination aceclofenac:
- Aceclofenac with paracetamol,
- Aceclofenac with serratiopeptidase,
- Aceclofenac in beta-cyclodextrin.
Nimesulide:
It is an analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory action. It is rapidly and completely after oral administration.
Uses - Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, low back pain, dysmenorrhoea, gynecological condition, dental pain, and ENT inflammation
Dosage - 100 mg twice daily
Contraindication- hypersensitivity, peptic ulcer, hepatic impairment.
Another combination of Nimesulide
- Nimesulide with paracetamol
- Nimesulide with serratiopeptidase
- Nimesulide with Race-Methionine
- nimesulide in Beta -Cyclodextrin.
- nimesulide in Beta -Cyclodextrin.
Sulphasalazine
Uses - rheumatoid arthritis
Dosage - 1 gm / day for 3-5 days, increase over next 3-5 days to 1.5 gm/ day, maximum 3gm/day
Contraindications - hypersensitivity to sulphas and salicylates.
Uses - rheumatoid arthritis
Dosage - 1 gm / day for 3-5 days, increase over next 3-5 days to 1.5 gm/ day, maximum 3gm/day
Contraindications - hypersensitivity to sulphas and salicylates.
Diacerein
It is an anthraquinone derivative
Use - Osteoarthritis, symptomatic relief from deep achy pain, morning stiffness, and muscle spasm
Dosage - 50 mg daily up to a maximum of 100 mg/day
Contraindication - pregnancy, pediatrics, lactation.
Uses - osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and acute painful condition
Dosage - starting 300 mg 2 to 3 times /day or 400 mg twice daily
Contraindication - Hypersensitivity, asthma, urticaria, peptic ulcer, renal impairment.
Etodolac
It is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretics activity
Uses - osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and acute painful condition
Dosage - starting 300 mg 2 to 3 times /day or 400 mg twice daily
Contraindication - Hypersensitivity, asthma, urticaria, peptic ulcer, renal impairment.
Glucosamine Sulphate
Uses - Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, a painful condition
Dosage - 500 mg orally 3 times daily for up to 3 months
Contraindication - not recommended in pregnancy and lactation.
Note - Pain reliever should not be taken without a prescription. only for information and educational purposes.
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