tuberculosis is a highly contagious disease spread by bacteria. The bacterium of tuberculosis is called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. it is a rod-shaped bacteria.
The disease infects a healthy person through air or direct contact with the patient. When a sick person coughs or sneezes, millions of TB bacteria float in the air, when a healthy person breathes this infected air, TB bacteria also enter the body of a healthy person. Due to which a healthy person also gets infected.
Examination of TB:
On suspicion of TB disease. He is first identified on the basis of symptoms. The main symptoms of lung TB are.- Cough with mucus for 2 weeks or more,
- Fever in the evening
- Bodyweight loss,
- Not hungry
- Pain in the chest,
- Blood sputum,
- Trouble breathing along with fever.
Sputum is tested to confirm the pulmonary disease. Sputum examination is divided into 2 parts,
1 - Positive sputum,
2 - Negative sputum.
Tuberculosis bacteria are found in positive sputum tests. While bacteria are not found in negative sputum tests. Sputum is tested at least 2 times.
Whenever pulmonary TB is suspected, at least 2 samples of sputum are collected and tested under a microscope. first test on the spot, and another test overnight.
Positive Sputum Testing A patient with 1 sample of acid-fast bacilli (A FB) positive, and also seen in the x-ray, is considered as a sputum positive case.
Negative Sputum Testing - A patient with 1 sample of acid-fast bacilli (A FB) negative, and having an x-ray active pulmonary defect is considered a sputum negative case.
Positive Sputum Testing A patient with 1 sample of acid-fast bacilli (A FB) positive, and also seen in the x-ray, is considered as a sputum positive case.
Negative Sputum Testing - A patient with 1 sample of acid-fast bacilli (A FB) negative, and having an x-ray active pulmonary defect is considered a sputum negative case.
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