Pregnancy care tips and precautions

The fusion of male and female gametes forms a zygote is called fertilization, Pregnancy is a process in which a fetus develops inside the uterus.  

The process of forming a baby from a fertilized egg is called pregnancy. Pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks or 9 months.

We divide it into three stages, which are called trimesters. The period from 1 to 12 weeks of pregnancy is called the first trimester.

The period from 13 to 26 weeks of pregnancy is called the second trimester. And the time from 27 weeks of pregnancy till delivery is called the third trimester

How do I know if am pregnant?

5 early signs and symptoms of pregnancy

1. Missed period (menstrual cycle stop)
2. Fatigue;
3. Nausea with or without vomiting;
4. Tingling or pain in the breasts or swelling in the breasts;
5. frequent urination.

Very early signs of pregnancy 1 week

• Menstrual stop,
• Increase in size of nipples and breasts,
• Lump and pain in breast,
• Itching in the body
• Nausea,
• Vomiting,
• The emergence of small glands around the nipple and deepening of the skin color,
• Change in appetite and eating interest.

Pregnancy care tips

If a woman is pregnant, it is necessary to be examined 4 times by a  specialist doctor within 9 months.

Care of pregnancy,  Regular prenatal checkup keeps save pregnant women and their forthcoming child from complications and keeps both of them healthy.

Hemoglobin examination helps to detect anemia quickly, which helps in treatment.

An albumin and blood sugar test prevents a pregnant woman and child from serious conditions.

1. first examined - within the first 3 months,
2. Second, examined - fourth to the sixth month,
3. The third examined - in the seventh to eighth month,
4. Fourth examined - in the ninth month of pregnancy.

nutrition 

It is advisable to take an iron-folic acid, and calcium pill, during pregnancy. and

a balanced diet, fresh fruit, and vegetables essential for a mother's health and child's growth.

fitness

Regular personal hygiene should be maintained. Cleanliness will protect you from infections. Getting complete sleep is very important for the health of the baby and mother. Avoid heavy lifting. Do regular walking, yoga, light exercise. Avoid mental stress, it is good for you and the fetus.

Along with the examination, a hemoglobin test is necessary, this test shows anemia (blood). If the pregnant has an anemic, it can be treated. At this time, a test of jaundice and diabetes is also necessary. so pregnant and her child survived a critical condition.

Potential danger during pregnancy and delivery

• Extreme vomiting and nausea;
• Bleeding in the early months of pregnancy;
• high blood pressure ;
• High fever and other diseases;
• Dysuria ;
• stomach ache ;
• Leakage before labor starts;
• Bleeding in the last month of pregnancy;
• The fetus, lack of movement;
• Body swelling;
• Shortness of breath;
• Seizure outbreak ;
• Smelly leakage;
• Labor pains over 12 hours;

For complication management, if you see any such types of problem, immediately go to the nearest health center y hospital.

Full form of  LMP

The full name of LMP is the "Last Menstrual Period". This is the date when the period last occurred.
On the basis of this, doctors estimate the exact date of delivery (EDD).

Estimated delivery date (EDD)

The estimated due date (EDD) is the date that labor is expected. The due date can be estimated by adding 9 months and 7 days to the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP).

Pregnancy calculator

Possible date of delivery = first day of last menstruation + 7 days + 9 months.The possible delivery date is usually correct, but the exact delivery may be more or less 7 days.

Estimate date of delivery =  first day of last menstrual period +   7 days +    9 months.

How to calculate the exact date of delivery?

Suppose, the last menstrual date is 20 February 2020, then the expected date of delivery (EDD) will be = 20  February + 7 days = 27 February 2020, and  EDD Month = 27 days (febuary 2020) + 9 months = 11 months + 27 days ( 27 November 2020) . 

The expected date of delivery (EDD)  is 27 November 2020.

 12 Danger signs during pregnancy

• Extreme vomiting,
• Swelling of face and feet,
• Weight gain in excess of 5 kg in any month,
• Lower abdominal pain and difficulty in urination,
• high fever,
• Headache, heaviness and blurred vision,
• Dizzy and jerky,
• A child not moving, (3 times/hour required),
• Gaining weight,
• Vaginal bleeding,
• Paleness of eyelids, tongue.
• Consult your doctor in these situations.

For complication management, if you see any such type of problem, immediately go to the nearest health center or hospital.

High risky pregnancy

• Shorter than 145 cm or 43/4 in height,
• 18 years or over 35 years of age,
• More than 3 children,
• From the previous child operation,
• The last time the child died, Abortion,
• Last child premature,
• Mother's weight less than 38 kg before pregnancy.
• In such a situation it is advisable to deliver in the hospital itself.

What do I need to be careful of when pregnant?

tips for a normal delivery; A pregnant woman should undergo 4 tests at the time of pregnancy (9 months) by a skilled specialist.

A. 3 Safety measures

1. Every time weight, 
2. blood pressure, 
3. blood and urine tests.

B. 3 urgent investigation

1. First 3-4 months,
2. Second 5 months,
3. Third 7 months.

C. Vaccination during pregnancy

Tetanus vaccines - In a span of one month, 2 vaccines of tetanus are required.

D. Nutritious food

• lentils, 
• bread, 
• rice, 
• milk, 
• yogurt, 
• green vegetables, 
• fruits, 
• eggs, 
• and iodized salt.  
• fish, 
• meat.
• paneer.

E. Anemia prevention One pill of iron daily with water after meal for 100 days.

if she is anemic 2 pills of iron daily with water after meal for 100 days.

Newborn care

• Breastfeeding should be done within the first hour of delivery
• Must drink mother's first yellow, thick, eroded milk,
• The room should be warm and ventilated at birth and after,
• Baby should not be bathed immediately after birth and for a week,
• The baby should be wrapped with a warm cloth and keep it close to the mother's body,
• Polio drops and BCG should be vaccinated within a week of birth and vaccination should be started at the right time.

vaccination chart

From birth to 1 month:   BCG - tuberculosis.



1.5 months:  DPT-1 and OPV-1, (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus.)



At 2.5 months: DPT-2 and OPV-2 



At 3.5 months: DPT-3 and OPV-3 



At 9 months: Measles and Vitamin A 



16-24 months: DPT- booster, OPV- booster,



3-5 years  D.T. (Diphtheria, tetanus).

Note- The Government of India, now replicating DPT, first, second, and third vaccines, is being replaced by the Pentavalent vaccine. The pentavalent vaccine protects against 5 diseases.

Pregnancy health care

Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) promotes hospital delivery to prevent the mother's death during pregnancy and during childbirth. more information about login  Government of India.

"Institutional deliveries in India increased substantially after the launch of Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY). However, 25% of women still hesitate to access health facilities for delivery due to out of pocket expenditure during the stay at health facilities on drugs, diet, and diagnosis and arrangement blood, etc. 

This article has been written about the potential danger and tips during pregnancy and childbirth, hope this article will be useful. To provide proper care, knowledge, awareness during pregnancy and childbirth and prepare them for the danger arising in pregnancy.