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types of family planning methods

Women become weak due to repeated pregnancies and they can reduce their chances of fighting diseases. There is anemia in them.

Women quickly fall prey to diseases due to nutritional deficiencies. Due to which they often remain ill.

Which causes maternal death.

The gap between the birth of 2 children gives the mother and child time to recover. They get time to get rid of physical weakness and underweight, and they become physically strong.

Reproduction in humans is an extremely complex process involving many different events. Contraception or birth control acts on the principle that these events are sequential; preventing any given event from occurring will prevent the end result, which is pregnancy.


The currently used methods of birth control interfere with the normal reproductive process by

(1) suppressing the formation and/or release of gametes.

(2) preventing the union of gametes in fertilization, or

(3) preventing the implantation of the fertilized egg.


Family planning


The following methods are provided under family planning.
  1. Temporary methods.
  2. Sustainable ways.
  3. recent methods.


Temporary method -  Stop using them when you want to conceive.


 for female,
  1. Copper T.
  2. Contraceptive pills.
  3. Cream.
  4. Jelly.

 for men,

Condom.



Permanent birth control methods

Permanent ways,  Under these methods, the operation of a woman or man. This makes both of them incapable of producing children permanently.


Female sterilization - cutting and tying the ovarian tube.

Male sterilization - cut and tie the Venus tube.



Temporary methods of family planning


Oral contraceptive: The oral contraceptive or "pill" acts to prevent ovulation in the female.

 The pill contains combinations of estrogen and progesterone, which inhibit the release of FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) by the pituitary via a feedback mechanism; these hormones respectively stimulate follicular growth and trigger ovulation.

A woman who is taking the pill in­hibits their release and does not ovulate.

 The pill is usually taken daily from the fifth to the twenty-fifth day of the menstrual cycle. Withdrawal of the first five days triggers menstruation.


Some synthetic hormones used in oral contraception have additional antifertility effects in that they cause a thickening of the cervical mucus and as a result, sperm have more difficulty entering the uterus.


The effects of long-term use of the pill are not yet known. There does exist a relationship between increased amounts of estrogen and a higher risk of thromboembolism (the formation of blood clots).


Presently, the efficiency of oral contraceptives is close to 100%. Women using the pill have between zero and one pregnancy per hundred woman-years (a group of one hundred women using that method of contraception for one year).

Fifty to eighty pregnancies per hundred woman-years will occur if no attempt is made to restrict conception.

Condoms

Condoms and diaphragms interpose a barrier between the male and female gametes. A condom prevents semen from entering the vagina.

A diaphragm blocks the cervix and prevents sperm entry into the uterus. Spermicidal jellies and foams are used with the diaphragm to kill sperm.

Condoms and diaphragms are relatively safe, and their effi­ciency results in about 12 to 14 pregnancies per hundred woman-years.



Birth control implant


Intrauterin devic (IUD)


The intrauterine device or IUD prevents the implan­tation of the fertilized egg. The IUD is a small object, such as a coil, placed within the uterus, which causes a slight local inflammatory response in the endometrium.

This interferes with the endometrial preparation for proper implantation of the blastocyst. In some women, the IUD causes severe cramping and is sometimes spontaneously expelled. Its efficiency is about two pregnancies per hundred woman-years.



Rhythm contraceptive method 


Restricting intercourse to a "safe" period is known as the rhythm method. Normally, a woman ovulates once a month, and abstaining from intercourse during this time can be used as a form of contraception.

However, it is extremely diff­icult to precisely determine when ovulation occurs, even when taking body temperature daily (the body temperature rises slightly following ovulation).

Therefore this method is not a very reliable method. About twenty-four pregnancies per hundred woman-years occur using the rhythm method.




Female Sterilization


A more permanent form of birth control is sterilization.

 In females, this is accomplished by tubal ligation, an operation in which the Fallopian tubes are cut and tied, preventing the passage of the ovum from the ovaries to the uterus.

This method is 100% effective if performed properly, but involves obvious surgical risks. Male sterilization involves a vasectomy, the cutting and tying off of the vas deferens.

Again, if done properly, it is 100% effective and does not involve complicated surgery or anesthesia.



Male sterilization (NSV)


Male sterilization is easier than female cure, because the male genitalia is on the surface of the body, while the female genitalia is inside the body.

Men do not have any effect on the work process by prohibition. Sex life remains the same as before.


Key Features of Men's male sterilization (NSV) 
  • The pain in the male sterilization (NSV) process is almost non-existent.
  • There is no incision.
  • No stitches seem to be there.
  • It only takes 19 to 15 minutes.
  • After half an hour, the beneficiary can go home himself and do all the daily work.
  • The development of vasectomy marks the beginning of the search for effective male contraceptive techniques.


new contraceptive methods


Oral contraceptive pills

  1. Combination pills - containing Estrogen and progestins.
  2. Mini pills (Progestin-only pills.
  3. Post-coital (Morning after) pills or emergency contraceptive pills.
  4. Centchroman - non-hormonal estrogen receptor antagonist.

Injectable contraceptive

  1. DMPA -It is injected intramuscularly 150 mg every 3 months.
  2. The combined estrogen-progestin contraceptive- the most widely used formulation is Number-l.
  3. estradiol cypionate and DMPA has given intramuscularly once in 2 months.

Norplants 

It contains a set of 6 capsules each filled with 36 mg of levonorgestrel for subcutaneous implants on insides of the upper arm for 5 years.

Intrauterine inserts

It is a new intrauterine contraceptive device used in the uterine cavity for a period of 5 years.



hormonal contraceptive methods male

Hormonal contraceptives for man, Who clinic trial of testosterone undecanoate.




Gossypol contraceptive


Gossypol is an orally effective nonsteroidal drug obtained from cottonseed.



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