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Why allergies develop suddenly, and how to treat it at home.

What is allergy- An allergy occurs when a person's immune system reacts to substances in the environment. That is harmless for most people. These substances are known as allergens and are found in dust mites, pets, pollen, insects, molds, foods, and some medicines. A substance that is an allergen for one person may not be for another - everyone reacts differently.


Cause of allergy

When a person who is allergic to a particular allergen comes into contact with it, an allergic reaction occurs. This begins when the allergen, enters the body, triggering an antibody response. The antibodies attach themselves to special cells, called mast cells. 

When the pollen comes into contact with the antibodies, the mast cells respond by releasing certain substances, one of which is called histamine. When the release of histamine is due to an allergen, the resulting swelling and inflammation are extremely irritating and uncomfortable. A condition in which the immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance.
  1. Allergies in our daily life can be due to the surrounding atmosphere or environment for many reasons like trees, plants, dust, soil, pet animals, medicines, and food items.
  2. Different family members, such as women, men, children, and old people of a family can be allergic to different things.
  3. Some touching flowers can be allergic.
  4. Eating from milk, curd, meat, and fish can also be allergic.


 Symptoms

  1. Itching on the body,
  2. Red spot on the skin,
  3. Abdominal pain,
  4. Swelling of face, lips, and eyes,
  5. nausea and diarrhea,
  6. common cold,
  7. Trouble in eating,
  8. Breathing trouble,
  9. nasal congestion,
  10. Inflammation and burning in the lung,
  11. Throat irritation and pain,
  12. Sneezing.


Types of allergy

  1. Drug allergy - An abnormal reaction of the immune system to a medication.
  2. Food allergies - An immune system reaction a certain food is eaten.
  3. Contact dermatitis - A skin rash caused by contact with a certain substance.
  4. Latex allergy - An allergic reaction to certain proteins found in natural rubber latex.
  5. Allergic asthma - Asthma triggered by exposure to the same substances that trigger allergy symptoms.
  6. Seasonal allergies - An allergic response causing itchy, watery eyes, sneezing, and other similar symptoms.
  7. Animal allergy - An immune system reaction to an animal's skin cells, saliva, or urine.
  8. Anaphylaxis - A severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.
  9. Allergy to mold - some metals when exposed to the skin.


Which areas of the body may be affected


Depending on the allergen and where it enters into the body, are different symptoms. For example, pollen, when breathed in through the nose, usually causes symptoms in the nose, eyes, sinuses, and throat (allergic rhinitis). Allergy to foods usually causes stomach or bowel problems and may cause hives (urticaria).  Allergic reactions can also involve several parts of the body at the same time.
Severe allergy:
  1. breathing difficulty,
  2. dizziness,
  3. nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain,
  4. facial swelling,
  5. localized or generalized swelling,
  6. itching skin,
  7. coughing,
  8. when appearing above these signs, need medical help and contact your doctor.


management

  1. Antihistamines block histamine release from mast cells, reducing symptoms. antihistamine tablets are used for this purpose. Antihistamine nasal and eye sprays can also be used.
  2. Intranasal corticosteroid nasal sprays (INCS) are very effective for the treatment of moderate to severe allergic rhinitis (hay fever). 
  3. Combination therapies (INCS and antihistamine) are used for the treatment of moderate to severe allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and offer the combined advantages of both medications.
  4. Medicated eye drops - ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice.
  5. Adrenaline (epinephrine) - is used for first aid emergency treatment of life-threatening severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis). 
  6. Non-medicated treatments such as saline sprays are used for treating allergic rhinitis and sinusitis.
  7. Allergen immunotherapy (also known as desensitization) is a long-term treatment that changes the immune system's response to allergens. It involves the administration of regular, gradually increasing amounts of allergen extracts, by injections.
  8. If possible, remove the cause of the allergy.
  9. do not apply anything to the skin without consulting a doctor.
  10. do not take anything by mouth if there is any difficulty in breathing.
  11. do not take medicine without consulting your doctor or pharmacist.





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