Germs that cause diseases

Disease: the disease is a condition that does not allow the body to work properly. All diseases are classified into two main categories 

1. Non- communicable diseases
2. Communicable diseases.

Non-communicable diseases: diseases that do not spread from one person to another are called non - communicable diseases. They are caused due to the following reasons :

1. Deficiency diseases.
2. Malfunctioning of anybody organ.
3. Presence of harmful substances due to pollution in the surroundings.

Communicable diseases: the diseases that spread from one person to another are called communicable diseases. These diseases are caused by microorganisms called germs. Some communicable diseases are followed:

 diseases caused by bacteria : 

1. cholera,
2. pneumonia,
3. tuberculosis,
4. typhoid,
5. plague,
6. meningitis.

Diseases caused by Viruses :

1. common cold,
2. flu,
3. polio,
4. chickenpox,
5. measles,
6. AIDS.

 Diseases caused by Protozoa :

1. malaria, 
2. dysentery.

Spread: germs travel from the sick person to a healthy person in the following ways :

Air: when a sick person cough, sneezes or spits, germs are released from his/her body into the air when a healthy person breathes in this air, the germs enters his/her body and make him/her sick. Common cold, diphtheria, viral fever, and tuberculosis spread through the air.

Infected food and water: some diseases spread through infected food and water like diarrhea, typhoid, jaundice, and cholera.

Direct contact: a healthy person gets germs by coming in contact with an infected person, his clothing, or things used by him. chickenpox, ringworm, whooping cough, measles spread through direct contact.

Insects: Malaria is spread through insect bites.

Prevention of communicable diseases: the spread of communicable diseases by following methods :

1. Houses must be airy with sufficient sunlight.
2. The kitchen, floor, toilet, and bathroom must be clean with disinfectants regularly.
3. Spread insecticides to kill insects that spread diseases.
4. Used boiled or purified drinking water.
5. Food must be properly covered.
6. Milk must be boiled properly to kill the germ in it.
7. Dustbins must be covered to prevent the breeding of flies.
8. Wire screens or nets on the doors and windows of a house must be fixed to prevent the entry of flies, mosquitoes, and other harmful pests and insects.
9. Mosquitoes bred in stagnant water.

Vaccination: This is an effective way of preventing communicable diseases. The vaccine is made of a small quantity of very weak germ of a particular disease. They are given orally or injected. vaccine creates immunity against a particular disease. Some common diseases are :

• polio vaccine - to prevent polio
• DPT vaccine - to prevent diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus.
• MMR vaccine - to prevent measles, mumps, and rubella.

A healthy person is physically and mentally fit. the basic condition required for staying in good health is as follows :

1. regular exercise
2. clean and hygienic environment
3. a balanced diet
4. adequate sleep
5. good habits

also, read protozoan diseases