Disease: the disease is a condition that does not allow the body to work properly. All diseases are classified into two main categories
- Non- communicable diseases
- Communicable diseases.
Non-communicable diseases: diseases that do not spread from one person to another are called non - communicable diseases. They are caused due to the following reasons :
- Deficiency diseases.
- Malfunctioning of anybody organ.
- Presence of harmful substances due to pollution in the surroundings.
Communicable diseases: the diseases that spread from one person to another are called communicable diseases. These diseases are caused by microorganisms called germs. Some communicable diseases are followed:
diseases caused by bacteria :
- cholera,
- pneumonia,
- tuberculosis,
- typhoid,
- plague,
- meningitis.
Diseases caused by Viruses :
- common cold,
- flu,
- polio,
- chickenpox,
- measles,
- AIDS.
Diseases caused by Protozoa :
- malaria,
- dysentery.
Spread: germs travel from the sick person to a healthy person in the following ways :
Air: when a sick person cough, sneezes or spits, germs are released from his/her body into the air when a healthy person breathes in this air, the germs enters his/her body and make him/her sick. Common cold, diphtheria, viral fever, and tuberculosis spread through the air.
Infected food and water: some diseases spread through infected food and water like diarrhea, typhoid, jaundice, and cholera.
Direct contact: a healthy person gets germs by coming in contact with an infected person, his clothing, or things used by him. chickenpox, ringworm, whooping cough, measles spread through direct contact.
Insects: Malaria is spread through insect bites.
Prevention of communicable diseases: the spread of communicable diseases by following methods :
- Houses must be airy with sufficient sunlight.
- The kitchen, floor, toilet, and bathroom must be clean with disinfectants regularly.
- Spread insecticides to kill insects that spread diseases.
- Used boiled or purified drinking water.
- Food must be properly covered.
- Milk must be boiled properly to kill the germ in it.
- Dustbins must be covered to prevent the breeding of flies.
- Wire screens or nets on the doors and windows of a house must be fixed to prevent the entry of flies, mosquitoes, and other harmful pests and insects.
- Mosquitoes bred in stagnant water.
Vaccination: This is an effective way of preventing communicable diseases. The vaccine is made of a small quantity of very weak germ of a particular disease. They are given orally or injected. vaccine creates immunity against a particular disease. Some common diseases are :
- polio vaccine - to prevent polio
- DPT vaccine - to prevent diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus.
- MMR vaccine - to prevent measles, mumps, and rubella.
A healthy person is physically and mentally fit. the basic condition required for staying in good health is as follows :
- regular exercise
- clean and hygienic environment
- a balanced diet
- adequate sleep
- good habits
also, read protozoan diseases
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